Most current ICS systems and subsystems are now a combination of Operational Technologies (OT) and Information Technologies (IT). OT systems use Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) to monitor the processes, versus Graphical User Interfaces for IT systems. Systems key components, such as Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Physical Access Control Systems (PACs), Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs), closed circuit television (CCTV), fire alarm systems, and utility meters have become digital and IP enabled. Historically, the majority of OT systems were proprietary, analog, vendor supported, and were not internet protocol (IP) enabled. ![]() Within the controls systems industry, ICS systems are often referred to as Operational Technology (OT) systems. With the increasing interconnectivity of ICS to the internet, the ICS can be an entry point into the organization's other IT systems. ICSs range from building environmental controls (HVAC, lighting), to systems such as the electrical power grid. These types of specialized systems are pervasive throughout the infrastructure and are required to meet numerous and often conflicting safety, performance, security, reliability, and operational requirements. Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are physical equipment oriented technologies and systems that deal with the actual running of plants and equipment, include devices that ensure physical system integrity and meet technical constraints, and are event-driven and frequently real-time software applications or devices with embedded software.
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